Human Trafficking in India Essay Example

Human Trafficking in India Essay India is the second most populous country in the world. Owing to this fact and because of the tremendously high poverty rate in the country; India also leads the world in human trafficking. In the country, around 100 million children are working in homes and factories across India and many of them are in situations that would be likened to slavery. Moreover, for the year 2000 alone, it was estimated that 12.07 percent or 13,157,000 of the 10 to 14 age group are economically active. This consists of 5,992,000 girls and 7,165,000 boys. Additionally, according to the National Labour Institute, 12.6 million children out of the 203 million children from ages of 5 to 14 in India are employed full-time. One hundred sixteen million are in school while another 87 million are â€Å"do housework, work on family farms, work alongside their parents as paid agricultural labourers, work as domestic servants, or are otherwise employed†. The status of the other 74 million is unknown (Global Ma rch Against Child Labour, n.d.) and it is that they are victims of child trafficking. According to Human Rights Watch, a total 40 million people in India are into bonded labour meaning they are working for someone until they pay off a debt. Off this 40 million people, 15 million are children. In some cases, the bondage is even passed from one generation to another if the debt if still unpaid upon the death of the initial person bonded. Other reports indicate that more or less 50,000 children are trafficked into India for prostitution. In Mumbai, estimations indicate that around 90 percent of sex workers started off when they were still under 18 years of age. NGOs also state that 6,000 to 10,000 girls are being trafficked into India from Nepal annually. The same number is determined for girls being trafficked from Bangladesh (Global March Against Child Labour, n.d.). We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking in India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Human Trafficking in India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The International Labour Organization approximates that 15 percent of the prostitutes in India are children. With 2.3 million prostitutes, this makes for 345,000 child prostitutes. On the other hand, no concrete data is available for the number of children that have been trafficked to be used for crime (Global March Against Child Labour, n.d.). India is a prime destination for sex trade along with Thailand and the Philippines. These three countries comprise for a total 1.3 million child sex workers. India is also the main destination for children aged below 16 who are trafficked in Southeast Asia along with Pakistan (Hughes, Sprocic, Mendelsohn Chirgwin, n.d.). The prostitution in the country is operated and controlled largely by organized crime (Global March Against Child Labor, n.d.) Women and children trafficked from Saudi Arabia are being sent to Middle Eastern nations daily. Girls that are put up for prostitution or domestic service in India, Pakistan and the Middle East are usually tortured, imprisoned and/or sexually abused. In Bombay, children 9 years and above are being sold for 60,000 rupess equivalent to 2,000 USD because of an unfounded belief that having sex with a virgin cures sexually transmitted infections. Indian brothels house 100,000 to 160,000 Nepalese women and girls. They were brought to India as they were made to believe that marriage or a good job awaits them. Additionally, 5,000 to 7,000 Nepalese girls are transported into India every year for prostitution. Data indicates that that 2.5 percent of prostitutes in India are from Nepal while 2.7 percent are from Bangladesh. (Hughes, et. al, n.d.). Many are being sent to prostitution as the families are fooled to send their children because of a promise of marriage or a good job. They are usually detained for days and are abused â€Å"until they learn to service up to 25 clients a day†. Others undergo training before being entering the trade. Training may be a â€Å"constant exposure to pornographic films, tutorials in how to please customers [and] repeated rapes† (Hughes, et.al, n.d.). Trafficking women from Nepal to India is fairly easy work because of a 1,740-mile open border. In fact, it is even less risky than transporting illegal drugs into the country. Traffickers can also easily bribe police officers in an instance that they are caught. The traffickers get the women from the isolated districts of Nepal where the illiteracy rate is high. Such locations are Sindhupalchow, Makwanpur, Dhading and Khavre (Hughes, et.al, n.d.). Media Perspective The media refers to human trafficking as an overly heinous crime. On the other hand, some media entities believe that human trafficking has not been receiving adequate attention from the government. The media suggest that steps should be taken to halt human trafficking. Trafficking is dubbed as a very heinous crime because people make a profit out of the violation of another person’s rights (Mulford, 2006). Trafficking is also a crime that has been given less attention compared to other horrors like suicide bombings and other acts of violence (Matysik, 2006). This is because other violent crimes are widely publicized like terrorists that want to strike fear into the hearts of people while human trafficking remains to be an underground business. One analysis indicates that the public has gained a distorted view of the issue since the media has been vent on exposing incidents of the trafficking of women and girls being forced into prostitution which fuels a moral panic. This diverts the public view out of other forms of human trafficking like forced labour (Fahy McDevitt, 2006). The United Nations Global Initiative to Fight Human Trafficking has also identified that these media stereotypes should be eliminated. Human trafficking, prostitution and smuggling should be confused with the one another. Marija Andelkovic, President of the anti-trafficking NGO ASTRA has something to say on the issue (UNGIFT, 2008). Media power should be used to press authorities and society in general to tackle the factors that drive human trafficking. â€Å"And the greatest contribution would be to write about human trafficking as a serious social problem which is very complex and has different aspects,† says Andelkovic. In that way, journalists will help fight crime.† (UNGIFT, 2008) The media must also make an effort to protect the identities of victims of human trafficking if ever they are to interview one since much of human trafficking is controlled by organized crime and the victim could be in danger if his/her identity is exposed. Nonetheless, writing about human trafficking will not always require that a victim be interviewed. The story can be framed in a variety of ways such that highlighting it as an organized crime or something that would urge the government to intensify efforts against it (UNGIFT, 2008). According to the Loquitur, the subject of human trafficking is finally getting the attention that it deserves. The awareness of the issue is increasing especially as different organizations have been battling with the issue. Influential celebrities such as Oprah Winfrey who hosts the talk show Oprah have also sparked public attention on the issue. These have urged governments to act which includes drafting laws and setting up entrapment operations to catch human traffickers (Matysik, 2006). Recognizing human trafficking has been identified as an important issue and the Indian government has started to address the problem (Mulford, 2006) especially since the situation in India has now been identified by the media as â€Å"grim†. However, the actions by the Indian government to combat human trafficking has still has been deemed lacking. â€Å"In Mumbai, convictions for trafficking-related offences increased from three in 2003 to 11 thus far in 2004 but remain grossly unrepresen tative in a city of over 18 million inhabitants† (Human trafficking situation, 2005). UN.GIFT also supports that the media is an important tool in the fight against human trafficking. The UN.GIFT regional event in Vilnius gave focus on this aspect.

Conneticut Courts essays

Conneticut Courts essays The state I chose to do my judicial research on was Connecticut. My reasons for doing so were because of all the family I have in Hartford. I am up there so often I figured I would make use of this research and build some knowledge. I was surprised by the amount of information that I found in such a small sized state. The web-site given to us to research for state information showed a lot of historical information. In my paper I will give my description of the state court system. I will discuss a few facts of the creating of the early judicial system. Then I will introduce the Connecticuts Courts of Limited and General Jurisdiction and the Appellate and Supreme Court. I will show the process for election of judges and describe the way the courts are laid out around Connecticut. The earliest court proceeding was held on April 26th, 1636, entitled A Courte holden in Newton. Two years later they created a count that met even three months which the Particular Count, nicknamed the Quartet Court. In 1665 they got rid of the Court of Particulars and created the Court of Assistants County Courts and the Probate Court. The Probate court mainly handled wills and estates. Then in 1711 they got rid of the Court of Assistants, the web page didnt ever say or give reason why. But those courts were replace with what is known today, as the Superior Courts are a part of the Trial Courts of general Jurisdiction. What they do is hear both criminal and civil cases. (web #1) The state of Connecticut showed a lot of progress within the earlier part of the twentieth century. The Juvenile system of courts was created in the 1920s and by 1940 the courts had full use of the justice system. Municipal, County and State courts got rid of county government. Circuit Courts then took over the prior three level systems and everything was taken over by the state. (web #1) The first part of the court system I am going t...

Renewable Energy- Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Renewable Energy- - Research Paper Example A non-renewable energy source is a natural energy source in limited supply. The major renewable source, on the other hand, is the geothermal energy, which is power that is extracted from heat that is stored under the crust of the earth. In the 21st century, there has been an increasing concern to have energy sources increased to match the ever increasing energy demands. This has necessitated the implementation of mechanisms that see to it that more renewable energy sources are explored. This way, more research has been done with various measured put in place to ensure the available few sources of energy are conserved for purposes of achieving stability in energy. This paper explores renewable energy development and progression in China, India, and Nigeria Research indicates that renewable energy production is relatively expensive and requires skilled force for purposes of running the machinery. However, one thing to content with is that recently, emphasis has been on how best to make use of the renewable energy. According to Nnadi (2011), there is an increasing need to adapt renewable energy instead of overreliance on the none-renewable energy sources. Failure to work towards generating more renewed energy sources leads to an energy crisis. One country that has had to content with this hard reality is Nigeria (Nnadiet al, 2011). On the contrary, in an effort to replenish the diminishing energy sources, China reportedly been making use of its renewable energy resources. Facing similar situation, India has been working around the clock to make sure it fully makes use of its renewable energy sources. Sources of energy that have notably been explored include solar, biomass and geo-thermal energy. Certainly, employing such strategy has seen India realizing increased sustainable energy, which ultimately has helped reduce on the greenhouse gas emissions. Historically, Oil, coal, water, as well as wood have widely been used to produce energy. However, with advancement in technology, new methods of producing energy have been embraced. Basing on research, a major energy crisis is beckoning if it happens that there is lucidity in implementing programs that see to it that there is increased production of renewable energy sources. It is undisputable that energy production requires a highly trained workforce. In this respect, a work force that is focused and well trained ensures that there is efficient utilization of energy. Fundamentally, individuals are tasked with the responsibility of increasing energy conservation measures that are geared towards realizing reduced energy crisis. There is need to encourage scientific studies to be conducted in the energy sector to ensure the processes are carried out in the proper ways (Ravikrishna, 2011). With a focus on Nigeria, it is worth noting that it is one of the countries known for its rich natural resources. Such natural resources that are heavily depended upon include water, minerals and fertile land whi ch can be used to achieve economic goals. However, failure to fully explore their natural resources is an issue subject to debate. The effective use of electricity would boost their goals of achieving economic recovery. However, this is not the case following the lacking will to impress technological advancement research would have it Nigeria has for years, failed obtain renewable energy.